Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Long-term safety of photobiomodulation exposure to beta cell line and rat islets in vitro and in vivo

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-77660-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of PBM on the viability of MIN6 cells and rat islets. MIN6 cells and rat islets are exposed to 2.8 mW/cm² PBM illumination. a Results of a representative flow cytometry experiment on the viability of MIN6 cells after PBM. Live cells are in Q3 (annexin-negative and PI-negative). Annexin and PI conditions correspond to death control. b Effect of PBM on MIN6 cells’ viability. Results are normalized to the control value. c Representative images of islet viability experiment by confocal microscopy after PBM. Live cells are labeled with Syto13 (green) and dead cells are labeled with PI (red). d Effect of PBM on rat islets’ viability. Results are normalized to the control value. PBM: photobiomodulation, PI: propidium iodide. Results are expressed as the mean ± SEM,n = 4, Scale bares = 100 μm, One-way ANOVA Kruskal–Wallis’s test with pairwise comparison.

Article Snippet: MIN6 cells (immortalized murine pancreatic insulin-secreting β-cells) (AddexBio, San Diego, California, USA) were used and cultured in DMEM 24.8 mM glucose (Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA) supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% (v/v) penicillin-streptomycin, and 50μM 2-β mercapto-ethanol.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Control, Confocal Microscopy, Labeling, Comparison

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Long-term safety of photobiomodulation exposure to beta cell line and rat islets in vitro and in vivo

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-77660-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of PBM on insulin secretion of MIN6 cells and rat islets. MIN6 cells and rat islets are exposed to 2.8 mW/cm² PBM illumination. a Effect of PBM on MIN6 cells’ insulin secretion (normalized to total insulin content) in response to glucose (n = 8). Results are normalized by total insulin content. b Effects of PBM on islets’ insulin secretion (normalized to total insulin content) in response to glucose (n = 5). Results are normalized by total insulin content. c Effect of PBM on MIN6 cells’ insulin stimulation index (high glucose insulin secretion/low glucose insulin secretion)). d Effect of PBM on islets’ insulin stimulation index. PBM: Photobiomodulation. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM, One-way ANOVA Welch’s with Games Howell post-hoc test, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: MIN6 cells (immortalized murine pancreatic insulin-secreting β-cells) (AddexBio, San Diego, California, USA) were used and cultured in DMEM 24.8 mM glucose (Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA) supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% (v/v) penicillin-streptomycin, and 50μM 2-β mercapto-ethanol.

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Long-term safety of photobiomodulation exposure to beta cell line and rat islets in vitro and in vivo

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-77660-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of PBM on superoxide content and mitochondrial membrane potential of MIN6 cells. The MIN6 cells are exposed to 2.8 mW/cm² PBM illumination. a Effect of PBM on MIN6 cells’ superoxide content. Data are expressed as the mean fluorescence intensity. (n = 3 for PBM 2 h,n = 6 for PBM 24 h). b Effect of PBM on the MIN6 cells’ mitochondrial masse. c Effect of PBM on the MIN6 cells’ mitochondrial membrane potential (n = 3 for PBM 2 h,n = 5 for PBM 24 h). Data obtained by flow cytometer and expressed as the mean fluorescence intensity. The mitochondrial membrane potential is (TMRM-CCCp)/MTG. AU: Arbitrary unit; MTG: Mitotracker Green™; PBM: photobiomodulation. Results expressed as the mean ± SEM, One-way ANOVA Welch’s with Games-Howell post-hoc test, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: MIN6 cells (immortalized murine pancreatic insulin-secreting β-cells) (AddexBio, San Diego, California, USA) were used and cultured in DMEM 24.8 mM glucose (Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA) supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% (v/v) penicillin-streptomycin, and 50μM 2-β mercapto-ethanol.

Techniques: Membrane, Fluorescence, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Long-term safety of photobiomodulation exposure to beta cell line and rat islets in vitro and in vivo

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-77660-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of PBM on ATP/ADP of MIN6 cells. The MIN6 are exposed to 2.8 mW/cm² PBM illumination. PBM: photobiomodulation. Results are obtained by HPLC and expressed as the mean ± SEM,n = 7, One-way ANOVA Welch’s with Games-Howell post-hoc test.

Article Snippet: MIN6 cells (immortalized murine pancreatic insulin-secreting β-cells) (AddexBio, San Diego, California, USA) were used and cultured in DMEM 24.8 mM glucose (Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA) supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% (v/v) penicillin-streptomycin, and 50μM 2-β mercapto-ethanol.

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Long-term safety of photobiomodulation exposure to beta cell line and rat islets in vitro and in vivo

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-77660-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of PBM on mitochondrial and cell respiration of MIN6 cells. The MIN6 cells are exposed to 2.8 mW/cm² PBM illumination. a Effect of PBM on the MIN6 cells’ complex I (glutamate malate) activity. b Effect of PBM on the MIN6 cells’ complex II (succinate) activity. c Effect of PBM on the MIN6 cells’ complex IV (TMPD) activity. d Effect of PBM on respiration of the whole MIN6 cells. AA: antimycin A; Oligo: Oligomycine; PBM: photobiomodulation; RCR: respiratory control ratio (state 3/state 4) graduation is in the right y-axis; ROUT: routine respiration of intact cells. Results are obtained by oxygraphy and expressed as nmol of oxygen consumed per minute per 5 million live cells. Results are expressed as the mean ± SEM,n = 4, One-way ANOVA Fisher’s with Tukey post-hoc test , * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: MIN6 cells (immortalized murine pancreatic insulin-secreting β-cells) (AddexBio, San Diego, California, USA) were used and cultured in DMEM 24.8 mM glucose (Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA) supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% (v/v) penicillin-streptomycin, and 50μM 2-β mercapto-ethanol.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Control